Hyperthyroidism

What is hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland becomes overactive and produces excess thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism is different from hypothyroidism and should not be confused. HYPER means overactive whereas HYPO means underactive.

.What is the cause of Hyperthyroidism?
The most common form of hyperthyroidism is a condition called Graves’ disease. In this disease, the body's immune system begins to attack the very organs and tissues that it’s supposed to protect. This leads to excessive production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. Additional symptoms include swelling of the neck due to enlargement of the gland, and protrusion of the eyes. There is also a form of hyperthyroidism that develops soon after birth. This is a temporary condition that resolves within 3 to 6 months. Some treatment may be required but there are no long-term problems. For all other types of hyperthyroidism, treatment will be required.

What are the Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?
The most common symptoms include:• Enlargement of the thyroid gland
• Weight loss
• Excessive sweating and feeling too warm when others are comfortable
• Rapid heart rate and palpitations
• Poor school performance
• Mood swings, including irritability
• Difficulty sleeping
• Bulging or prominence of the eyes
• Tremors of the hands
• Increased frequency of bowel movements or diarrhea All of the above features are not necessarily seen in every child or
an adolescent with hyperthyroidism.

How is hyperthyroidism Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is done by taking a single blood test to check for thyroid hormone levels (FT3, FT4, TSH). High FT3 and FT4 levels along with low TSH levels suggest a diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism. A thyroid scan and uptake may be done to review thyroid shape and size, look for nodules, and check to see if the thyroid is overactive (uptake).